Programmer Guide/SPU Reference/LIMITER: Difference between revisions

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\end{cases}
\end{cases}
</math>
</math>
The level meter value ''v''<sub>t</sub> (t = sample index) is computed for each value ''x''<sub>t</sub> of the input signal <var>X</var>. The last ''v''<sub>t</sub> of an evaluation cycle is used to update the outputs <var>Y</var> and <var>P</var>.
:{|class="einrahmen"
!<var>TYPE</var> !! computation of ''v''<sub>t</sub>
|-
|<code>0</code> or <code>HOLD</code>
|<math>v_t = \max(|x_t|, |x_{t-1}|, .., |x_{t-T+1}|)\!</math>
|-
|<code>1</code> or <code>EXPONENTIAL</code>
|<math>v_t = max(|x_t|, v_{t-1}.k)\mbox{, with: }k = \frac{1}{\sqrt[T]{2}}</math>
|-
|<code>2</code> or <code>RMS</code>
|<math>r_t = \frac{(r_{t-1}.(T-1)+x^2)}{T}</math><BR><math>v_t = \sqrt{2.r_t}</math>
|}
The last value ''v''<sub>t</sub> of an evaluation cycle is converted to the selected <var>UNIT</var> and stored in the output <var>Y</var>.
:{|class="einrahmen"
!<var>UNIT</var> !! <var>Y</var>
|-
|<code>0</code> or <code>VALUE</code> || <math>v_t\!</math>
|-
|<code>1</code> or <code>SQUARE</code> || <math>v_t^2</math>
|-
|<code>2</code> or <code>RATIO</code> || <math>\frac{v_t}{REF}</math>
|-
|<code>3</code> or <code>DB</code> ||<math>20.\log_{10}{\frac{v_t}{REF}}</math>
|}
The output <var>P</var> is set to a value in range 0 to <var>SIZE</var> and can be used to display a level bar. For <var>P</var> always the logarithmic value (level in dB) is used. The level interval -140dB to 0dB is mapped to the position interval 0 to <var>SIZE</var> using a non-linear mapping function.
The output <var>M</var> is the maximum of all computed ''v''<sub>t</sub> values converted to the selected output unit.




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;<var>Q</var>
;<var>Q</var>


:The relative number of limited (changed) samples.
The output <var>Q</var> (overload ratio) is set to the relative number of limited (changed) samples.
 
<math>Q = \frac{changedSamples}{processedSamples}</math>


;See also:
;See also:
<[[../#Signal Processing Atoms|SP-atoms]]>
<[[../#Signal Processing Atoms|SP-atoms]]>
<!-- AN, 2.5.2011 -->
<!-- AN, 2.5.2011 -->

Revision as of 10:18, 9 May 2011

Apply limiter function to a signal.

[SPU LIMITER X TYPE MAX LIM OUT Y Q]

input description data type value type default value
X input signal number, vector variable
TYPE limiter function
(RECTANGLE, ATAN, EXPONENTIAL)		 number (int.), string constant 0 (= RECTANGLE)
MAX maximum value; 0 < MAX number constant 1
LIM limiter start value; 0 < LIM ≤ MAX number constant 1
output description data type value type comment
Y limited signal same type as A variable
Q overload ratio number variable
Description

This SP-atom applies a non-linear magnitude weighting (= limiter function) to the signal. The limiter function is only applied if the absolute value of the signal magnitude is higher than the specified limiter start magnitude LIM. For the limiter function, the following algorithm is used: {\displaystyle y_{i}={\begin{cases}x_{i},&{\mbox{if }}|x_{i}|\leqslant LIM\\sign(x_{i}).f({\frac {|x_{i}|}{MAX}}),&{\mbox{otherwise}}\end{cases}}}



LIMITER - amplitude limiter (non-linear)

File:1240.png

with:

x, y input and output signal sample
LIM, MAX limiter start amplitude and maximum signal amplitude
f() limiter function selected by input TYPE

Table: Limiter functions{| |- |The value of TYPE |The limiter function f(z) |- |0 or RECTANGLE |File:1241.png ('cut-off') |- |1 or ATAN |File:1242.png |- |2 or EXPONENTIAL |File:1243.png |}

with:

File:1244.png

The output Q is set to the relative number of processed samples:

Q = number of changed samples / number of processed samples

Usage:

LIMITER X TYPE MAX LIM

Inputs:
X
The signal vector or sample.
TYPE
The type of limiter function (see table above).
MAX
The maximum magnitude (full attenuation).
LIM
The limiter start magnitude. This value must be less than MAX.
Outputs:
Y
The limited signal (the same type as X).
Q

The output Q (overload ratio) is set to the relative number of limited (changed) samples.

{\displaystyle Q={\frac {changedSamples}{processedSamples}}}

See also

<SP-atoms>

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